Sued in New Jersey Small Claims Court?
What to do if you've been served with a small claims summons in New Jersey — how to respond, defend yourself, countersue, and appeal.
Being sued in small claims court can feel overwhelming — but New Jersey's process is designed for everyday people, not lawyers. Most cases are resolved in a single hearing lasting 15–30 minutes. This guide walks you through every step from receiving the summons to the hearing, and explains your options if you lose.
Step-by-Step: What to Do as a Defendant
Read the summons carefully
Your summons will state the claim amount, the plaintiff's name, and your hearing date. Note the date, time, and courthouse location. In New Jersey, the small claims court is the Special Civil Part.
Don't ignore it — respond or appear
You generally don't need to file a written response in New Jersey small claims — you just need to appear at the hearing. However, if you plan to file a counterclaim, do that in advance. Ignoring the summons results in a default judgment against you.
Gather your evidence
Collect everything that supports your version of events: contracts, receipts, invoices, text messages, emails, photos, bank statements, and any written communications. Organize them chronologically and make 3 copies — for the judge, the plaintiff, and yourself.
Consider filing a counterclaim
File a written counterclaim before the hearing. New Jersey's limit is $5,000 for small claims. A counterclaim lets you seek money from the plaintiff in the same hearing, which can be a powerful negotiating tool.
Know the rules on attorneys
Attorneys are permitted in New Jersey Special Civil Part small claims. Even if attorneys are allowed, most defendants represent themselves in small claims court.
Attend the hearing and present your defense
Be on time. When it's your turn, calmly present your evidence and explain why you don't owe what the plaintiff is claiming. Stick to facts — judges have little patience for emotional arguments. Keep your statements focused on the specific dispute.
Appeal within 45 days if you lose
If judgment is entered against you, you have 45 days to file an appeal with the Superior Court (Appellate Division). Appeals in most states require a filing fee and result in a new trial (de novo). Act quickly — missing this deadline means the judgment becomes final.
Evidence Checklist for Defendants
New Jersey-Specific Tips for Defendants
New Jersey has the longest appeal window of any state (45 days) — you have more time to consider your options after a judgment.
New Jersey has NO homestead exemption — all real property equity is exposed to a judgment lien. This is a significant risk if you own a home.
Wage garnishment in NJ is limited to 10% of gross wages — weaker collection enforcement than most states.
What Happens If You Lose
Check New Jersey's Small Claims Limit
Confirm the maximum claim amount in your state. If the plaintiff is suing for more than the limit, their case may be improperly filed.
Check the Limit →